How much of Chinese 5G technology is still used in Europe?
There was no concrete evidence that China was using backdoors in the 4G technology deployed in Europe, so why would it do so in 5G?
International Security
European strategic autonomy and defence after Ukraine
This analysis examines the potential implications of the war in Ukraine for the EU’s security and defence policy.
9th Elcano Forum on Global Terrorism “Terrorism-related extremisms in the West: Emerging and persisting challenges”
The 9th Elcano Forum on Global Terrorism is focused on the terrorism-related extremisms in the West.
EU declarations, DDoS attacks, and the erosion of norms and rules for State behaviour in cyberspace
The war in Ukraine has resulted in deliberate inconsistencies in EU Member States’ applications of international law governing cyberspace.
A new strategic environment: NATO and MENA
Decades have passed since the peace of the Euro-Atlantic area had been shattered. What more can NATO and MENA region to confront these challenges?
Sanctions on Iran are changing: the role protests and technological power
Protests in Iran have led to a disruptive exception within the US sanctions programme, from a technology policy perspective.
Barometer of the Elcano Royal Institute. Special edition: War in Ukraine and the NATO Summit, June 2022
Special edition of the Elcano Royal Institute Barometer on the war in Ukraine and the NATO Summit, June 2022.
The cyberwar that never was: reassessing choices during cyber conflicts
Our attempts to understand the future of cyber conflict must extend beyond debates surrounding the efficacy of cyber operations.
The West: one, great and alone
By invading Ukraine Vladimir Putin has reactivated not only NATO but the idea of the West as a whole.
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