Jihadists who left Spain for Syria as foreign terrorist fighters but have returned
One fifth of the 230-235 jihadists who between 2012-2018 travelled from Spain to Syria and Iraq as FTFs have already returned.
International Security
The ‘dark side’ of digital diplomacy: countering disinformation and propaganda
For diplomatic institutions, protecting themselves against disinformation and propaganda by governments and non-state actors remains a problem. This paper outlines five tactics that, if applied with a strategic compass in mind, could be helpful for MFAs and embassies.
Ending Zero-Zero under China’s shadow
China is what really concerns the Trump Administration and it could be the main reason for the announcement to withdraw from the INF or Zero-Zero Treaty.
Coercion and Cyberspace
Cyberspace is a new domain for coercive operations in support of foreign policy and security with advantages for offensive actions and hindrances to its success.
Space forces
Globalisation and its control do not (yet) operate on a cosmic scale, but they do extend as far as outer space.
Relations between the US Intelligence Community and US Presidents, including the Trump Administration
Technology and covert operations have been the driving forces in the Community’s evolution, which has been tremendously divided since its inception and has moved progressively towards its own centralisation with the aim of improving coordination and efficacy.
Trump vs. NATO? Appearances and realities
Despite the fact that it is changing profoundly and has lost cohesion and centrality, the news about NATO's death has been greatly exaggerated.
Moroccans and the second generation among Jihadists in Spain
A large majority of Jihadists in Spain are either Moroccans or descendants of Moroccans. But it is more likely for someone of Moroccan origin to become involved in terrorist activities if living in Spain than if living in Morocco.
Shifting trafficking routes for illicit narcotics and the importance of Spain-US counter-narcotics cooperation
Flows of illicit drugs transiting the Atlantic into Spain from the Americas are of growing concern to Spain and the US with law enforcement, judicial, military and intelligence agencies intensifying cooperation in an effort to disrupt the global distribution of illicit drugs.
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