Spain under pressure to spend more on defence
Spain’s defence expenditure is the lowest among the 32 NATO members. The government is finding it politically difficult to increase it.
Influence and image of Spain
Some brighter spots in education
Spain has made significant progress in reducing early school-leaving rates, a long-standing challenge in its education system.
New narratives for the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla
Renewing the narratives about Ceuta and Melilla is key to emphasise their status as democratic European spaces.
The middle class recovers
The middle class grew until the 2008 economic crash, declined during COVID, and has now returned to its previous share of the population.
What passes through foreigners’ minds when they think about Madrid
The image Madrid projects abroad, lacking diversity and overlapping with that of Spain, does not reflect the reality shown by the data.
A buoyant economy, marred by an overheated property market
Spain's economy led in 2024's macroeconomic data, with the focus now on tackling the escalating housing crisis.
Spain’s stressful water problem
Spain has been hit by torrential rain, causing deadly flooding, and by drought, all caused by country's persistent water management issues.
Presentation of the Elcano Policy Paper: ‘Spain in the world in 2025: perspectives and challenges’
The Elcano Royal Institute analyses the prospects of Spain in the world for 2025, the international outlook and short-term challenges.
Spain’s complex demographic reality
Spain's declining birth rates and ageing population highlight an urgent need for policy and societal reform in a complex demographic reality.
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