Venezuela and PDVSA: killing the goose that lays golden eggs
Venezuela, which depends almost entirely on its oil exports, is surprised to see its national oil company scorned.
Venezuela, which depends almost entirely on its oil exports, is surprised to see its national oil company scorned.
International resolve to address climate change infused COP23 with an inclusive spirit that resulted in enough progress to take us through to negotiation crunch-time at COP24. The well-below 2ºC degree guardrail, our collectively agreed temperature goal, is still however stubbornly out of reach.
The message from world leaders is clear: there is no intention of abandoning the Paris agreement that has taken over five years to negotiate.
The main factors likely to shape the energy and climate fields in 2017 are: a relatively contained volatility in the prices of oil and the implementation of increasingly ambitious climate policies in a context of political uncertainty.
Climate finance has no agreed definition to date. What is hard to define can lend itself to fuzzy conceptualisations
The RES-E (electricity from renewable energy sources) auction in Spain is quite different from other international experiences regarding key design elements, namely investment-based support, uniform pricing, lax prequalification and penalties.
The UK, a traditional energy importer, will have to realign its domestic energy and climate policy goals. It also remains to be seen whether the EU can hinge upon an ambitious international climate policy to compensate for Brexit.
Should Trump insist in pursuing his approach to climate action, China and the European Union will be looked upon by the international community to lead on.
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