At the Brussels European Council of 14 December 2007, the EU Member States decided to convoke a ‘reflection group’ on the future of the EU. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the future of Europe to be generated by this European Council initiative.
The President of the French Republic, Nicolas Sarkozy, presented a new and far-reaching White Paper on Security and Defence on 17 July 2008.
After the ‘No’ vote in the referendum held in Ireland on 12 June, and in view of the unanimity requirement for treaty ratification among member countries, the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty faces a setback. A new period of uncertainty has commenced in the process of European integration.
This ARI looks at the referendum results and examines the different factors that help explain why the Irish electorate voted against the Lisbon Treaty on 12 June 2008.
Irish voters are going to the polls on 12 June in the only referendum in Europe on the Lisbon Treaty.
Ongoing EU negotiations with the African Union have identified a number of clear, achievable steps, which might bring more positive ideals of Mediterranean migration management a little closer.
Poland has been forced to design a stricter migratory regime firstly for EU accession and secondly, for entering Schengen espace. Since December 2007 Polish eastern frontier (stretching across 1,200 kilometres from the Baltic to the Carpathians) has become one of the few points in Europe at which it is possible to control human spatial mobility on the east-west axis.
‘Integration contracts’ for immigrants have become widespread in Europe during the last 10 years but their results remain unclear.
The EU Treaty approved in Lisbon incorporates the European Defence Agency among the European institutions aimed at supporting the new Common Security and Defence Policy.
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