The defence dilemma: can Spain ride Europe’s defence revival?
What are the main strategic, technological, and regulatory changes in the EU's defence policy, and what is Spain's position on these developments?
What are the main strategic, technological, and regulatory changes in the EU's defence policy, and what is Spain's position on these developments?
Forty years on, Spain’s EU membership remains both a success story and a source of new challenges, having shaped the nation’s path.
Spain is the second largest recipient, after Italy, of grants and loans under the NextGenerationEU (NGEU) programme.
Spain’s defence expenditure is the lowest among the 32 NATO members. The government is finding it politically difficult to increase it.
Spain has made significant progress in reducing early school-leaving rates, a long-standing challenge in its education system.
Renewing the narratives about Ceuta and Melilla is key to emphasise their status as democratic European spaces.
The middle class grew until the 2008 economic crash, declined during COVID, and has now returned to its previous share of the population.
The image Madrid projects abroad, lacking diversity and overlapping with that of Spain, does not reflect the reality shown by the data.
Spain's economy led in 2024's macroeconomic data, with the focus now on tackling the escalating housing crisis.
Spain has been hit by torrential rain, causing deadly flooding, and by drought, all caused by country's persistent water management issues.
The Elcano Royal Institute analyses the prospects of Spain in the world for 2025, the international outlook and short-term challenges.
Spain's declining birth rates and ageing population highlight an urgent need for policy and societal reform in a complex demographic reality.