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Spain, Water and Climate Change in COP 15 and Beyond: Aligning Mitigation and Adaptation through Innovation (WP) WP 65/2009 - 24/12/2009 Elena Lopez-Gunn The water/energy nexus opens a range of opportunities to align mitigation and adaptation framed by human security, which prioritises human development. In this context, Spain has an opportunity to play a leading role in realising this potential by pursuing a coherent multilevel strategy specifically designed for water and climate variability and change.
Working towards a European immigration policy (WP) WP 57/2009 (Translated from Spanish) - 16/12/2009 Carmen González Enríquez and Alicia Sorroza The EU has laid the foundation for a comprehensive European integration policy that addresses such issues as positive management of immigration and measures to curb irregular flows of immigrants. However, it is still far from having a true, common European immigration policy, and this is one of the challenges that Spain will face during its EU Presidency starting in 2010.
The transatlantic cocaine business: Europe’s options as it confronts new drug trafficking routes (WP) WP 45/2009 (Translated from Spanish) - 14/12/2009 Daniel Brombacher and Günther Maihold The goal of this study is to review European foreign policy tools involved in controlling supply, leaving aside domestic policy measures designed to cut demand, the efficiency of which is widely recognised in most countries of the EU.
Prospects for Turkey’s Role in International Politics at the Beginning of the 21st Century (WP) WP 63/2009 - 14/12/2009 Bahri Yilmaz The purpose of this working paper is to discuss Turkey’s new role in international politics at the beginning of the 21st Century and to analyse the main political and economic challenges for the country to become a regional power of medium size.
How Can Spain Benefit from a Climate Deal in Copenhagen? (WP) WP 62/2009 - 11/12/2009 Rolando Fuentes Spain, on its own, is not a key player in the negotiations for the potential successor of the Kyoto Protocol that is expected to be ‘politically agreed’ at the Climate Change Summit in Copenhagen.However, Spain can play an important role in that it will occupy the Presidency of the EU during the first half of 2010. Moreover, Spain could influence the negotiations towards win-win situations for the country.
Cyprus: A Unique Opportunity for Reunification (WP) WP 61/2009 - 25/11/2009 William Chislett Greek and Turkish Cypriots have a unique opportunity to end the 35-year division of Cyprus and reunify the island. But time is running out. The Cyprus problem is likely to come to a head during Spain’s Presidency of the EU in the first half of 2010.
Narco-belligerents Across the Globe: Lessons from Colombia for Afghanistan? (WP) WP 55/2009 - 28/10/2009 Vanda Felbab-Brown With the great increases in insecurity in Afghanistan and the overwhelming sense that the counter-insurgency in Afghanistan is not being won, analysts and policymakers are looking for analogies to understand the conflict’s dynamics and devise counter-measures. One of the analogies that analysts are turning to is the counter-narcotics and counter-insurgency campaign in Colombia.
National Security Strategies: The Italian Case (WP) WP 39/2009 - 20/10/2009 Federica Di Camillo and Lucia Marta Italy does not have a National Security Strategy (NSS) in the strict sense of the word, ie, a single governmental document for the medium-to-long term identifying the main security threats and response guidelines at a strategic level. Instead, it has several documents on the institutional responsibilities for the external (military) and internal (civil) dimensions of security.
Will the Euro Ever Replace the US Dollar as the Dominant Global Currency? (WP) WP 54/2009 - 19/10/2009 Guillermo de la Dehesa There are two major handicaps that will make very difficult for the euro to overtake the US dollar as a dominant currency. First, the EA still has a very fragmented banking and capital market, which makes it more difficult to fully exploit economies of scale and of scope and network externalities. The second is that since the EU and the EA are only unions of independent nations and not a federal state, it will be extremely difficult to overtake the US dollar and maintain a dominant international role while the governance of the EU and EA remains unchanged.
Taxation, Governance and Resource Mobilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Survey of Key Issues (WP) WP 49/2009 - 30/9/2009 Jonathan Di John The purpose of this paper is to present some key theoretical and policy debates concerning the relationships between taxation, aid, governance and political organisation in the political economy of development in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Relations between the EU and Latin America: Abandoning Regionalism in Favour of a New Bilateral Strategy? (WP) WP 36/2009 (Translated from Spanish) - 21/9/2009 Celestino del Arenal Over the past three decades, Latin America has undergone a major process of diversification in its international relations, making it easier for the countries of the region to develop foreign policies that are more autonomous and more focused on the challenges posed by an international society that is increasingly interdependent and global.
The Blessing of Having the Euro and the Need to Make it Better (WP) WP 41/2009 - 21/7/2009 Charles Wyplosz Something extraordinary has happened during the Global Crisis that started in 2007. Despite acute financial turmoil and massive injections of liquidity, exchange rates in the euro area have not faced the kind of speculative attacks that were the unavoidable feature of every previous crisis. The reason, of course, is that there are no exchange rates.
The Way to a New Deal on Climate Change (WP) WP 40/2009 - 20/7/2009 Mikel González-Ruiz de Eguinon and Antxon Olabe Within a few months, on 7 December 2009, 195 countries will meet in Copenhagen with a common mission: to find a way out of the climate change crisis. The Climate Change Conference –COP15 in United Nations jargon– aims to lay the foundations of a post-Kyoto agreement that provides workable solutions for a problem that threatens ‘to lead to some impacts that could be abrupt and irreversible’ and undermine global security.
Irregular Immigration Policy in the European Community: Action at all Stages of the Irregular Migration Flow (WP) WP 38/2009 - 17/7/2009 Maria Ilies While EU member states have been reluctant to harmonise their policies for managing legal immigration, cooperation for the prevention and control of irregular migration has progressed.
Turkey’s EU Accession Reaches an Impasse (WP) WP 34/2009 - 3/7/2009 William Chislett Turkey’s EU accession negotiations, started in October 2005, are going very slowly for many reasons, including the government’s continued refusal to open its ports and airports to vessels and aircraft from Greek Cypriot-controlled Cyprus (an EU member since 2004). This issue will come up for review at the EU summit during the current Swedish Presidency.
Dollar Dominance, Euro Aspirations: Recipe for Discord? (WP) WP 29/2009 - 28/5/2009 Benjamin J. Cohen After nearly a century of dominance of the international monetary system, has the US dollar finally met its match in the euro? A struggle for monetary leadership could become a source of sustained tensions in US-European relations. Fortunately, however, there seems relatively little risk of a destabilising escalation into outright geopolitical conflict.
The European Union’s External Action Service (WP) WP 46/2008 (Translated from Spanish) - 19/5/2009 Natividad Fernández Sola The European Union’s international representation under the primary law now in force, and the way this has been put into practice both by the EU and the European Community before it, are clear reflections of the institutional complexity and partial integration – by sectors and in different phases – that the bloc has suffered from since its creation. Today, this representation can be three-fold, carried out by the European Commission, the Council and member states. Within the second of these, it can be implemented by two different institutions: the High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy (the so-called Mr. or Mrs. CFSP) and the Presidency.
The Crisis and the Euro (WP) WP 23/2009 - 14/5/2009 Barry Eichengreen This paper explores the different challenges that the financial crisis has posed to the Euro area and its governance.
Why a Political Accord is Needed to Make EU-Russia Energy Relations Work (WP) WP 19/2009 - 17/4/2009 Andrei V. Belyi The idea put forward in this paper is that a strong political accord, which would strengthen the relations between the EU and Russia in general, and hence improve relations in all energy sectors, should be pursued by both parties.
Spain and the G-20: A Strategic Proposal for Enhancing its Role in Global Governance 8/4/2009 Elcano Royal Institute This paper explores the role Spain can and should play in the institutions engaged in global governance in the current context of financial crisis and reconfiguration of international power centres. After briefly analysing Spain’s relative position in the world –on the basis of economic and other criteria– the study suggests the path it should follow to boost its influence in the world. The paper points out Spain’s comparative advantages, the areas where it could contribute most, and the shortcomings that make it difficult to translate Spain’s economic weight into greater political influence at the global level.
Iran and its Proxy Hezbollah: Strategic Penetration in Latin America (WP) WP 18/2009 - 8/4/2009 Ely Karmon Since his inauguration in 2005, Iran’s foreign policy focus has shifted from Africa to Latin America in order to, as Ahmadinejad puts it, ‘counter lasso’ the US.
Four Latin American Summits and Brazil’s Leadership (WP) WP 3/2009 (Translated from Spanish) - 17/3/2009 Carlos Malamud Four presidential summits were held simultaneously in Brazil in December 2008, raising some prospects for change in the region.
The Politics of Recognition, Kosovo and International Law (WP) WP 14/2009 - 16/3/2009 Jessica Almqvist This working paper offers an international legal perspective on the diverse and conflicting international reactions in response to Kosovo’s Declaration of Independence on 17 February 2008.
Spain and EU Budgetary Reform (WP) WP 12/2009 (Translated from Spanish) - 11/3/2009 Cristina Serrano and Mario Kölling Now a debate is under way at the European level on revising the budget and EU policies. The conference held in Brussels on 12 November of 2008 marked the end of the public-debate phase that began with the European Commission’s presentation of an issues paper in September 2007. It also marked the beginning of a new phase in which the Commission is expected to present a White Paper in mid-2009, with discussion later among EU leaders.
Enlargement Fatigue in the European Union: From Enlargement to Many Unions (WP) WP 13/2009 - 10/3/2009 Deniz Devrim and Evelina Schulz The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) was created in anticipation of the fifth enlargement round in order to provide an answer for the EU in its relations with its new neighbours. Recent EU documents, discourses and events show that due to a certain enlargement fatigue the originally clear separation between EU enlargement and ENP is become vaguer, to the visible disadvantaging of enlargement. In addition, there is trend towards the creation of different regional cooperation forms for the area surrounding the EU.
Challenges in Strengthening the International Regime to Combat the Financing of Terrorism (WP) WP 9/2009 - 17/2/2009 Concepción Verdugo-Yepes This paper’s aim is to emphasise the challenges faced by international cooperation in combating the financing of terrorism. It reviews the existing weaknesses and failures of each group of stakeholders participating in the CFT strategy. Finally, the paper concludes by pointing out which challenges must be confronted and which actions should be taken for enhancing international cooperation.
The European Union Free Trade Agreements: Implications for Developing Countries (WP) WP 8/2009 - 11/2/2009 Enrique Valerdi Rodríguez In a clear break with its former policy, partly due to the stalemate of the Doha Development Round negotiations and to the changes in the global economic balance, the European Union (EU) announced in 2006 its plan to seek comprehensive Free Trade Agreements with a series of countries and regions.
A Preliminary View of Obama’s Future Energy Policy (WP) WP 2/2009 - 13/1/2009 Paul Isbell A preview of the likely contours of President-elect Barack Obama’s future energy policy and an assessment of the potential ramifications.
Africa’s Bane: Tax Havens, Capital Flight and the Corruption Interface (WP) WP 1/2009 - 8/1/2009 John Christensen This paper considers how tax havens facilitate capital flight and tax evasion, and how these linked activities undermine developmental processes. This is followed by an examination of the scale of capital flight and tax evasion in Africa, and the potential for the recently proposed offshore financial centre in Accra, Ghana, to exacerbate these problems in the West African region. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for how to tackle capital flight and tax evasion.
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