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The NATO-EU Strategic Partnership WP15-2003 - 10.6.2003 (Translation from Spanish) José Luis Andrés Martín The emergence of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) early in the 90s and the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) late in the 90s has added complexity to the European Security Architecture. Although provided with a clear political aim from the outset, as an instrument of the CFSP, the operational implications of ESDP are being laid down on an empirical basis. To add further complexity, NATO/ESDP relationship has been established in principle, but with no formal empirical image.
Soft Power vs. Hard Power? The Transatlantic Military Capabilities Gap and the Future of US-European Security Relations WP5-2003 - 17.1.2003 Martin Agüera The American defense efforts outreach the Europeans’ by far. Even a NATO Response Force, where both sides of the Atlantic harmonize training and requirements in the long run, will not change that. The situation has been like this for some time and the effects of September 11th have accelerated the military capabilities gap. A justified concern is that the existing gap in capabilities cannot be closed. The question is whether or not it needs to be closed at all.
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