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Spain and the United States: So Close, Yet So Far (WP) WP 23/2006 - 25/9/2006 William Chislett This Paper updates the author’s book Spain and United States: The Quest for Mutual Rediscovery (www.realinstitutoelcano.org/publicaciones/libros/ChislettEsp-EEUU-ingles.pdf), published by Elcano in November 2005, in a much abbreviated form. It incorporates the latest figures and material regarding trade, investment, political and cultural relations and other areas
Anti-Americanism in Spain: The Weight of History WP47-2005 - 7.11.2005 William Chislett Spain’s feelings toward the United States are the coldest in Europe after Turkey, according to a poll by the German Marshall Fund. And they have been that way for a very long time. The country’s thermometer reading on a scale of 0-100 was 42º in 2005, only surpassed by Turkey’s 28º and compared with an average of 50º for the 10 countries surveyed (see Figure 1). The same degree of coldness towards the United States was brought out in the 16-country Pew Global Attitudes Project where only 41% of Spaniards said they had a very or somewhat favourable view of the United States. This surprises many people. After all, Spain has become a vibrant democracy and a successful market economy since the right-wing dictatorship of General Franco ended in 1975 with the death of the Generalísimo. Why are Spaniards so cool towards the United States?
The symbolic Power of Nations WP35-2005 - 24.8.2005 (Translation from Spanish) Javier Noya The US’s hegemony as a superpower and its unilateralist reaction to international terrorism after 9/11 has reopened the debate on one of the key concepts of international relations: power. In this context, Joseph Nye’s theory of ‘soft power’ has become one of the most hotly debated in academic and political forums. Although this controversy dates back to before the war in Iraq, it has heated up considerably as a result of the damage the war has done to the image of the United States in the world. The question is: can soft power be as effective a resource as hard power to achieve foreign policy objectives?
The Impact of US Foreign Direct Investment in Spain WP19-2005 - 10.5.2005 (Translation from Spanish) Gayle Allard, Rafael Pampillón On the basis of theory and empirical evidence, we can predict that US direct investment in Spain will prove to have contributed to the country’s economic growth, raised its technological level and possibly its productivity, increased its exports and provided its workforce with better-paid, higher-skilled jobs than those offered by local companies. This study sets out precisely to determine whether the macroeconomic statistics bear out our prediction that these effects have occurred in Spain
¿A Difference that Makes a Difference? The US and Europe on Values and Culture WP16-2005 - 22.3.2004 Emilio Lamo de Espinosa It is a well-known fact that, with the end of the Cold War, there started to be a strategic drifting apart between the US and Europe. The latter was no longer the battleground of a future third world war between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and this had at least two major consequences which are still very much alive. On the one hand, the US lost strategic interest in Europe and the focus of its attention on foreign policy moved elsewhere, to the Middle East and, of course, to the Pacific and China and Asia. Europe became the blind spot in America’s eye. It still is.
Hispanics in the US: Where the Business Opportunity is WP4-2005 - 26.1.2005 M. Isabel Valdés No longer can any business afford to ignore the US Hispanic or Latino market. During the past four decades, a significant number of immigrants from every country in Latin America have become active members of the US consumer market. In less than 40 years the US Hispanic consumer market has more than quadrupled in size. However, understanding how the Hispanic market is segmented is vital for any business strategy to be successful.
The NATO-EU Strategic Partnership WP15-2003 - 10.6.2003 (Translation from Spanish) José Luis Andrés Martín The emergence of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) early in the 90s and the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) late in the 90s has added complexity to the European Security Architecture. Although provided with a clear political aim from the outset, as an instrument of the CFSP, the operational implications of ESDP are being laid down on an empirical basis. To add further complexity, NATO/ESDP relationship has been established in principle, but with no formal empirical image.
Soft Power vs. Hard Power? The Transatlantic Military Capabilities Gap and the Future of US-European Security Relations WP5-2003 - 17.1.2003 Martin Agüera The American defense efforts outreach the Europeans’ by far. Even a NATO Response Force, where both sides of the Atlantic harmonize training and requirements in the long run, will not change that. The situation has been like this for some time and the effects of September 11th have accelerated the military capabilities gap. A justified concern is that the existing gap in capabilities cannot be closed. The question is whether or not it needs to be closed at all.
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