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Immigration: A Challenge Offering Opportunities? (WP) WP-19/2007 (Translated from Spanish) - 5/6/2007 Rickard Sandell, Alicia Sorroza and Iliana Olivié The main objective of this paper is to consider a series of topics, largely in a descriptive manner, with the aim of providing a stimulus to debate in order to facilitate informed decision-making on the part of the political and social agents involved in different aspects of the migratory phenomenon.
Here and There: Transnational and Community Links between Muslim Immigrants in Europe (WP) WP 9/2007 (Translated from Spanish) - 8/5/2007 Berta Álvarez-Miranda This work explores the opinions expressed in a survey of Muslim immigrants in Europe in regard to their transnational links with their countries of origin and the ties which link them to their own ethnic communities in their countries of destination.
New Landscapes, New Challenges: The Changing Strategic Horizon (WP) WP 18/2006 - 5/9/2006 Paul Isbell and Rickard Sandell The strategic panorama is beginning to offer new scenarios and new challenges. Traditional risks continue to pose political, economic, diplomatic and military challenges (for Europe in general and Spain in particular) in a relatively familiar way in various parts of the world. But for several years new phenomena have been detected that could become problematic in the international scenario from a strategic perspective
Asia: Ground Zero for the Next Pandemic? (WP) WP 6/2006 - 27/04/2006 Soeren Kern and Rickard Sandell This paper assesses the potential threat of pandemic influenza and the measures adopted for its prevention. The authors conclude by pointing out that even if avian influenza does not cause a human influenza pandemic, it is probably time to invest more resources in Asian (and African) countries if our aim is to prevent such pandemics from emerging in the future
Emigrant's Remittances in Spain: an Opportunity for Action Abroad WP3-2005 - 25.1.2005 (Translation from Spanish) Iñigo Moré In Spain, remittances are the main expression of international solidarity in economic terms, and the same is true globally, where the worldwide flow of remittances more than doubles Official Aid to Development globally. Yet these flows are much more than family charity. In net terms, remittances are currently the main vehicle to transfer funds from rich to poor countries. In gross terms, they exceed development aid, foreign investment or tourist revenues in most developing countries
Hispanics in the United States (1) WP22-2004 - 4.5.2004 María Jesús Criado The sustained growth of the Hispanic population of the United States that is to say, people of Latin American origin- now makes it the country's largest minority, prompting considerable debate as to the capacity of the United States to assimilate, as well as on the way this group itself has developed
Global Public Goods, Patents Protection and the Fight Against Infectious Diseases WP21-2004 - 3.5.2004 Federico Steinberg An efficient supply of both health and investment in R&D -two international public goods- can only be achieved through interstate cooperation. It is a global responsibility to find a balance between the protection of property rights (ie, pharmaceutical patents) and the access to drugs at affordable prices by citizens suffering from infectious diseases in developing countries
Social Contact Patterns and Disease Dynamics WP19-2004 - 30.4.2004 Christofer Edling, Fredrik Liljeros Communicable disease has historically constituted a very serious threat to society. The AIDS epidemic, the SARS outbreak and the prospect of bio-terrorism have made clear that this threat is still present. The growing threat to contemporary society from infectious disease stems largely from our modern lifestyle, namely given the global time-compressed social interaction. More than ever, social contact patterns provide an essential key to understanding infectious disease dynamics
Could this ever happen in Spain? Economic and Policy aspects of a SARS-LIKE Episode WP18-2004 - 30.4.2004 José A. Herce Rare and extreme catastrophic events are by definition unlikely, but once they happen their consequences can be very costly on different accounts. Hence, prevention and preparedness are sound policies to limit both their occurrence and their consequences
Climate Change and the Biodiversity Crisis as Promoters for Emergent Diseases WP15-2004 - 21.4.2004 Elisabetta Broglio and Ricard V. Solé What are the possible effects of the ecosystem degradation being driven by human activity? While not easy to predict, some of these consequences are becoming evident, as is the case with the emergence and spread of new diseases.
Emergent Diseases in a Small World: Lessons from the AIDS Pandemic WP33-2003 - 29.12.2003 Ricard V. Solé, Elisabetta Broglio and Rickard Sandell Over the past few decades, the concepts of ‘emergent diseases’ and ‘emergent viruses’ have attracted the attention of both scientists and politicians as a new threat to the economic and social stability of our world (Morse, 1993; Garrett, 1994). Not surprisingly, these two concepts are associated with other sources of environmental change, including the increasing evidence of an accelerated modification of our current climate and the degradation of the world’s ecosystems.
Military Recruitment in Times of Population Decline: Spain’s Missing Soldiers WP31-2003 - 5.12.2003 Rickard Sandell Starting from the end of the 1990s, in less than ten years the number of people in Spain aged 18-28 has declined from 7 million to just under 5 million (considering both sexes). That is, young people are becoming increasingly scarce and, as a result, we can expect the competition for human resources to be fierce. This is likely to have consequences for most institutions in our society. However, it is not unlikely that the Spanish armed forces are facing –and will continue to face– the greatest difficulties in attracting young people. Current demographic developments will have serious implications for the numerical strength of the armed forces and consequently restrict their capacity to carry out their tasks effectively. This paper aims to establish the basis for a recruitment policy that can defy the current demographic developments and assesses the minimum recruitment target to be reached in order not to jeopardize the numerical strength of the armed forces in the future. The last part of the paper discusses a series of interrelated measures that should be considered to facilitate future recruitment efforts.
EU enlargement as seen from Eastern Europe. Expectations, experiences, disappointments and Euro-enthusiasm WP15-2002 - 17.12.2002 (Translation from Spanish) Carmen González Enríquez The perspective of the Eastern European candidate countries that will be joining the European Union in 2004.
Ageing Populations: an Opportunity for Public Policy Reform WP20-2003 - 21.7.2003 Rickard Sandell This paper analyses the socio-economic consequences of ageing and discusses as well as criticises available alternatives to reform the current European welfare model. It argues that the most common solutions proposed by the research community avoid addressing the main cause of the underlying problem of ageing –low or very low fertility. Avoiding the problem of low fertility is likely to make the proposed solutions ineffective in the long term, since sustained low fertility results in continued ageing and eventually population decline. The paper develops a theoretical model to calculate future pensions compensating for low fertility. It concludes with a set of five policy recommendations that are considered necessary if the political objective is sustained pensions and continued economic growth.
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